2023-12-04 17:49:41
During the smelting process, the usage conditions and damage situation of each part of the converter are different, and the refractory materials used for each part of the converter under different usage conditions are also different.
(1) Stove mouth: Due to the drastic temperature changes at the furnace mouth, the erosion of slag and high-temperature exhaust gas is more severe. When removing scrap steel and adding materials, the furnace mouth is hit. Therefore, refractory materials used for the furnace mouth must have high thermal shock resistance and slag resistance, be resistant to the erosion of slag and high-temperature exhaust gas, and be not easy to hang steel and be easy to clean.
(2) Furnace cap: The furnace cap is a part that is severely corroded by slag, and is also affected by temperature changes, carbon oxidation, and the erosion of dust containing waste gas. Therefore, it is necessary to use magnesium carbon bricks with strong slag resistance and thermal shock resistance.
(3) Loading side: The splashing effect of slag and molten steel during blowing can easily cause chemical erosion, wear, and erosion on the loading side, as well as direct impact and erosion from loaded scrap steel and molten iron, resulting in serious mechanical damage. Therefore, it is required that magnesia carbon bricks not only have high slag resistance and high temperature strength, but also have good thermal shock resistance. High strength magnesia carbon bricks with added anti oxidants are usually used.
(4) Steel tapping side: The steel tapping side is basically not affected by mechanical damage during loading, and the impact of thermal shock is relatively small. However, it is affected by the thermal shock and erosion of the molten steel during tapping, and the damage speed is much smaller than that of the loading side. When using the same material as the loading side, in order to maintain the balanced life of the converter material, a structure with a thinner thickness than the loading side is used for masonry.
(5) Slag line location: The slag line is the area where the furnace material and slag come into long-term contact and are severely corroded by slag. On the tapping side, the position of the slag changes with tapping time and is often not obvious. On the slag discharge side, due to strong slag erosion and the combined influence of other actions on the furnace belly during the blowing process, severe damage is caused. Therefore, it is necessary to build magnesia carbon bricks with excellent slag resistance.
(6) Both sides of the ear shaft: Apart from the damage caused by blowing, there is no protective layer covering the surface on both sides of the ear shaft, making it difficult to repair. Therefore, the carbon in the furnace material is prone to oxidation, resulting in severe damage. Magnesia carbon bricks with excellent slag resistance and strong oxidation resistance should be built.
(7) Hearth and bottom: These areas are subjected to severe erosion by molten steel during blowing, but have a lower damage rate compared to other areas. Magnesia carbon bricks with low carbon content can be used, or tar dolomite bricks can be used. When high-speed blowing is used and the melt pool is shallow, the central part of the furnace bottom may be severely damaged. In addition, when using bottom blowing, the damage to these areas may worsen, and the same material as the charging side of the furnace should be used.
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